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Objective@#To investigate the attitudes and demands of parents of children in Luzhou towards family based child sexual abuse prevention education.@*Methods@#A self administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of children in Luzhou City who were selected from stratified cluster sampling. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze parents attitudes.@*Results@#Parents attitude towards prevention of sexual assault education was positive (average score 16.70± 3.67 ). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that parents of only child ( β =0.30), parents who participated in related activities ( β =1.28), communicated with relatives and friends ( β =0.81), and lived in urban areas ( β =0.49) had more positive attitudes. In terms of parental factors, average annual family income higher than 100 000 yuan ( β =0.39), mothers of young children ( β =0.88), and parents with a high level of knowledge about sexual assault prevention education ( β =0.98), the mother being a teacher or a medical staff ( β =0.52), and educational background of the mother being high school/secondary school ( β =1.03), college/undergraduate or above ( β =1.42) were associated with more positive attitudes( P <0.01). The results of demand analysis showed that parents had high demand for child s self protection (96.86%).@*Conclusion@#Parents of young children in Luzhou City show generally positive attitude and high demand towards family based sexual abuse prevention. Knowledge training and publicity regarding child sexual abuse should be improved for children who had siblings, from rural and township areas, and whose parents with low educational background.
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Objective@#To understand parents attitudes towards adolescent sexual education in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province, and to explore the correlation between attitudes and their proactive behavior in adolescent sexual education, so as to provide reference for improving parents initiative in adolescent sexual health education.@*Methods@#From November to December 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 7 389 parents of students from 35 primary, middle, and high schools in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey on adolescent sexual health education in parents schools. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare the attitudes of parents towards sexual health education among different groups and their proactive behavior in providing sexual health education to their children. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between parents attitudes towards sexual education and proactive sexual health education.@*Results@#Totally 43.17% ( 3 190 ) of parents had a more open attitude towards sex education for their children, with parents of girls, parents of elementary school students, mothers, <30 years old, junior high school education, workers, service personnel, married, harmonious relationships with their children and democratic parents had a higher rate of actively providing sex education for their children ( χ 2=4.65, 401.92, 23.53 , 197.50, 38.18, 13.65, 6.54, 8.07, 32.17, 96.58, P <0.05). Parents with a more conservative attitude towards sex education and parents of boys were negatively correlated with parents actively providing adolescent sexual health education to their children ( OR =0.86, 0.38, P <0.05). Parents who were <30, 30-<40, 40-50 years old, individuals/businesses, married, divorced, had a good and decent relationship with their children were positively correlated with their parents proactive adolescent sexual health education for their children ( OR =1.50, 1.90, 1.37, 1.22, 1.60, 1.32, 1.94, 1.53, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#A more open attitude towards adolescent sexual health education can serve as a predictive factor for proactive adolescent sexual health education. In order to increase the rate of family sexual health education, it is recommended to enhance parents awareness of their responsibility for their children s sexual health education, promote harmonious parent-child relationships between parents and children, and communicate with their children with an open attitude.
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Objective@#To understand the consistency and factors influencing rural parents knowledge, attitude and practice about early childhood sex education, so as to put forward effective suggestions and countermeasures for improving childhood sex education in rural areas.@*Methods@#A multi stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of early childhood sex education among 1 015 parents in 16 kindergartens in rural areas of Sichuan from March to May 2019. Chi square text and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting the consistency of parents knowledge, attitude and practice of childhood sex education.@*Results@#Nearly 64.9%, 85.9% and 44.7% of parents with sufficient knowledge, support, and implement of early children s sex education, respectively, and the consistency rate of knowledge, attitude and practice were 30.2%. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that parents aged <31 years ( OR= 5.35 , 95%CI =2.93-9.77), 31-40 years ( OR=4.82, 95%CI =2.65-8.76) and 41-50 years ( OR=2.37, 95%CI =1.10-5.11), and the mother s education level being middle school ( OR=3.67, 95%CI =1.75-7.69), secondary/high school ( OR=2.83, 95%CI =1.32-6.05) and college/bachelor s degree and above ( OR=5.44, 95%CI =2.23-12.98), sex related questions asked by child ( OR=2.00, 95%CI =1.44-2.78), having sex education in the family ( OR=5.38, 95% CI =3.82-7.59), believing that parents should be responsible for sex education for young children ( OR=2.58, 95%CI =1.40-4.74) had a higher consistency rate of knowledge, attitude and practice in early childhood sex education ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#In rural areas of Sichuan, although parents highly support early childhood sex education, the eligible rate of knowledge and the implementing rate are quite low, as well as the consistent rate of knowledge, attitude and practice. Relevant departments should pay attention to strengthen publicity and education, especially among older parents, low educated parents and those opposed to or not yet implementing child sex education.
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Objective@#The study aimed to develop Questionnaire for Parental Acceptability of School based Depression Symptom Screening by Delphi method, so as to provide a reference and suggestions for promoting screening adolescents depression.@*Methods@#The study was conducted through the literature review and two rounds of the Delphi expert consultation. The initial construction of scale dimension and item was conducted through the literature search. A survey of 12 experts from 6 different provinces, cities and regions in China was conducted, and the Delphi technique was used to collect and analyze expert opinions data about the importance and feasibility of questionnaire content. The dimensions and specific items of the questionnaire were finally determinded.@*Results@#The response rates were 100% in both rounds of Delphi consultation. Kendall coordination degree W =0.22 ( χ 2=63.72, P <0.01), which showed the agreement of expert opinions. The initial scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 17 items, including parental cognition of school based depression screening, parental cognition of school depression screening results feedback and management, parental attitude of school based depression screening, parental utilization of mental health services. After two rounds of expert consulattion, the final scale consisted of 3 first grade dimensions including parental cognition of depression symptom, parental attitude of school based depression symptom screening and parental mental health promotion behaviour, and also cinsisted of 4 second grade dimensions including parental knowledge of depression symptom, parental attitude of school based depression symptom screening, parental choice preference of school based depression symptom screening, parental utilization of mental health services, which had a total of 25 items.@*Conclusion@#The questionnaire is developed for assessing parental acceptability of school based depression screening and associated factors. The finding will facilitate mental health services providers in the screening implementation, but further empirical research is still needed.
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Objective@#To investigate the factors influencing parents willingness to vaccinate their children against influenza in Guangzhou, and to provide a scientific basic for effectively improving the coverage rate of influenza vaccine in children.@*Methods@#According to economic level, one secondary school and one elementary school in each of the central administrative and peripheral districts of Guangzhou were selected by stratified cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 133 parents of the school students. Questionnaire content included the basic characteristics of children and their parents, and parents knowledge of influenza vaccination for children.@*Results@#A total of 14.57%(748/5 133) of parents were unwilling to have their children vaccinated against influenza. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that, compared with parents aged ≤35 years old, parents aged 41-45 years and ≥46 years were 49% (adjusted OR=1.49, 95%CI =1.11-2.00) and 86% (adjusted OR= 1.86 , 95%CI =1.33-2.60), respectively, more likely to refuse vaccinating their children. Parents with an annual income ≥ 200 000 yuan were 52% more likely to be unwilling to vaccinate their children than those with annual income <100 000 yuan (adjusted OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.12-2.06). Parents living within a walking distance ≥30 minutes from the vaccination clinic were 52% more likely to be vaccinereluctant than those living within a walking distance of ≤10 minutes (adjusted OR=1.52, 95%CI = 1.16- 1.99). Compared with parents who regarded the vaccine as safe, parents who did not believe that it was safe or who were unsure of its safety were more likely to refuse vaccinating their children, with adjusted OR(95%CI ) of 12.75(9.44-17.23) and 3.37(2.73- 4.15 ), respectively( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Parents age, annual income, recognition of the safety of influenza vaccines, and walking distance to the vaccination clinic are associated with parents willingness to vaccinate children against influenza. Hospitals, communities and schools should cooperate to carry out vaccination and popular science propaganda, and arrange vaccination sites rationally to improve the coverage of influenza vaccines.
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Objective@#To assess the effectiveness of online and offline myopia prevention and control health education interventions using wearable behavior monitoring tools for non myopic elementary school students,so as to provide evidence based medical support for public health practices.@*Methods@#From May to June in 2021, two schools were selected within the same county in Jiangsu Province. School 1 conducted online and offline parental health education ( n =111), while school 2 exclusively conducted offline health education activities, representing the traditional intervention group ( n =122). Students from both schools underwent monitoring through wearable behavior tracking tools, with feedback reports provided (eye distance, eye duration, ambient light, and outdoor exposure time). Both schools relied on activities to carry out health education interventions, and organized the distribution of promotional materials and display boards. The intervention group also established WeChat groups to conduct online "Healthy Parents Action" (answering and providing feedback on health knowledge related to myopia prevention and control, myopia prevention and control, science popularization, etc. raised by parents). Evaluation criteria included myopia rates, post dilation refractive error, and axial length, with a tracking period of two years (from 2021 to 2023). Additionally, the study collected refractive parameters from non myopic students who did not participate in wearable tool monitoring in the 12 classes across the two schools.@*Results@#The baseline results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of refractive parameters and wearable tool monitoring results (including screen time, viewing distance, outdoor exposure time, and homework light exposure)( t/Z/χ 2=1.94,1.17,0.58,0.40,0.80,0.69,0.32, P >0.05). After a two-year follow up, in the first and second year, the myopia rate of the online Healthy Parents Action group (11.4%, 29.7%) were lower than that of the traditional group (26.2%, 50.9%), and the degree of refractive change in the intervention group [0.63(0.38,1.19)D] was lower than that of the traditional group [0.91(0.40,1.50)D], and all the differences were statistically significant( χ 2/ Z =4.93，10.37，2.29， P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences ( P >0.05) in axial length changes between the two groups over the twoyear intervention period. Nevertheless, in the second year, the axial length change in the traditional group [0.35(0.20,0.65)mm] was lower than that in the natural observation group [0.55(0.30,0.75)mm], and this difference was statistically significant ( Z =1.92, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Online and offline myopia prevention and control health education can effectively reduce myopia rates. The intervention mode combining wearable behavior monitoring tools with online health education may have better effects, but further large sample and multi center studies are needed to provide additional evidence and confirmation.
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Introduction: intestinal parasitic infections are common major problem closely related to poverty, inadequate sanitation, insufficient health care and overcrowding. They cause significant morbidity among institutionalized patients, however, there are few studies that analyze the frequency of intestinal parasites in disabled patients that are not institutionalized. Objective: the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in disabled patients and their guardians. Methodology: a total of 336 fecal samples were collected from 53 disabled patients and history of diarrhea during the study period and 31 guardians, parents and professional staff of Institution. Parasite research was carried out using zinc sulphate centrifugal-flotation technique, Lutz/Hoffman Pons and Janer method, Rugai method and Gram-Chromotrope, Leishman, Kinyoun, Kato-Katz and Trichrome stains were used. Results: we found 15.5% of positive sample for enteroparasites in all analyzed individuals (13/84), with 11.3% (6/53) of prevalence in disabled patients and 22.5% (7/31) for guardians, with significant difference. There was no difference between gender, but there was a higher number of positives in patients between 6 and 11 years of age. Monoparasitism and the presence of protozoa, especially Blastocystis hominis, were the most prevalent conditions. Conclusions: despite the aforementioned intrinsic susceptibility of patients with special needs, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was low. In guardians, the prevalence was higher, suggesting extreme attention to the care process, which may have prevented the transmission to their disabled patients contact.
Introdução: as infecções parasitárias intestinais são um problema comum, intimamente relacionado à pobreza, saneamento inadequado, assistência médica insuficiente e superpopulação. Essas infecções causam morbidade significativa em pacientes institucionalizados, no entanto, existem poucos estudos que analisam a frequência de parasitas intestinais em pacientes com necessidades especiais não institucionalizados. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como propósito determinar a prevalência de infecção parasitária intestinal em pacientes com necessidades especiais e seus responsáveis/tutores. Metodologia: foram coletadas 336 amostras fecais de 53 pacientes com necessidades especiais e histórico de diarréia durante o período do estudo e 31 responsáveis/ tutores, pais e equipe profissional relacionada. As técnicas de centrífugo-flutuação em sulfato de zinco, método Lutz/Hoffman Pons e Janer, método Rugai e Gram-Cromotrópico, Leishman, Kinyoun, Kato-Katz e Tricrômica foram utilizadas para a pesquisa de helmintos e protozoários. Resultados: foi encontrado 15,5% (13/84) de prevalência de enteroparasitos em todos os indivíduos analisados, sendo 11,3% (6/53) de prevalência em pacientes com necessidades especiais e 22,5% (7/31) de responsáveis/tutores, com diferença significativa. Não houve diferença entre os sexos, mas encontrou-se maior número de positivos em pacientes com 6 a 11 anos de idade. O monoparasitismo e a presença de protozoários, especialmente Blastocystis hominis, foram as condições mais prevalentes. Conclusões: apesar da suscetibilidade intrínseca dos pacientes com necessidades especiais, a prevalência de parasitas intestinais foi baixa. Nos responsáveis, a prevalência foi maior, sugerindo extrema atenção ao processo de cuidar, o que pode ter evitado a transmissão para os seus pacientes com necessidades especiais contactantes.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Parasitic Diseases , Patients , Protozoan Infections , Mentors , HelminthsABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of sensation seeking and the moderating effect of parenting style at cumulative ecological risk on psychosexual health in left behind adolescents.@*Methods@#Using convenience cluster sampling, 509 left behind adolescents in 12 middle and primary schools were selected from May to July 2020. Cumulative ecological risk, psychosexual health, sensation seeking and parenting style were evaluated at baseline (T1) and 1 year follow up (T2).@*Results@#T1 accumulative ecological risk predicted T2 psychosexual health after sensation seeking at T1 was controlled ( β=0.37, P <0.01). T1 sensation seeking predicted T2 psychosexual health after controlled for psychosexual health at T1 ( β=-0.26, P <0.01), sensation seeking played a mediating role, indirect effect accounted for 35.85% of the total effect; T1 cumulative ecological risk ×T2 parenting style had predictive effects on T2 sensation seeking and psychosexual health ( β=0.17, -0.24, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The cumulative ecological risk influences psychosexual health through sensation seeking, parenting style moderates the associations between cumulative ecological risk, sensation seeking and psychosexual health. Left behind teenagers with high cumulative ecological risk can cultivate good sexual psychological level by reducing high seeking traits and optimizing parental rearing styles.
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Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of sensation seeking and the moderating effect of parenting style at cumulative ecological risk on psychosexual health in left behind adolescents.@*Methods@#Using convenience cluster sampling, 509 left behind adolescents in 12 middle and primary schools were selected from May to July 2020. Cumulative ecological risk, psychosexual health, sensation seeking and parenting style were evaluated at baseline (T1) and 1 year follow up (T2).@*Results@#T1 accumulative ecological risk predicted T2 psychosexual health after sensation seeking at T1 was controlled ( β=0.37, P <0.01). T1 sensation seeking predicted T2 psychosexual health after controlled for psychosexual health at T1 ( β=-0.26, P <0.01), sensation seeking played a mediating role, indirect effect accounted for 35.85% of the total effect; T1 cumulative ecological risk ×T2 parenting style had predictive effects on T2 sensation seeking and psychosexual health ( β=0.17, -0.24, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The cumulative ecological risk influences psychosexual health through sensation seeking, parenting style moderates the associations between cumulative ecological risk, sensation seeking and psychosexual health. Left behind teenagers with high cumulative ecological risk can cultivate good sexual psychological level by reducing high seeking traits and optimizing parental rearing styles.
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Objective@#To analyze the correlation between parental involvement and the formation of good eye use behavior in children,and to provide theoretical basis for more accurate prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#A total of 2 726 children and their parents from 3 primary schools were selected from April to May 2021 by clustering sampling method. Children s ocular parameters, eye use behavior, general characteristics of parents, and parental involvement were collected through ocular measurements and questionnaires, respectively.@*Results@#Parental involvement was associated with family economic, parental education level, and parental myopic status( P <0.05). Children s myopia risk was associated with parental involvement: lower myopia risk was associated with frequent parental involvement in behavioral management of child sleep and child outdoor activities( P <0.01). Parents who always/frequently participate in the management of children s eye behavior have an average daily screen time of <2 h ( OR= 1.95 , 95%CI =1.31-2.90), and daily outdoor activity time>2 h ( OR=0.78, 95%CI =0.65-0.93), daily sleep time >8 h ( OR= 0.52 , 95%CI =0.40-0.68), daily continuous reading and writing time <1 h ( OR=1.33, 95%CI =1.30-1.56), reading and writing The distance from the desktop > 30 cm ( OR=0.57, 95%CI =0.34-0.95) had a statistically significant effect ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#High parental involvement may help school age children develop good eye habits and reduce the risk of childhood myopia. Parental involvement is higher among those who had myopia themselves, and parental involvement is positively associated with total household income and parental literacy.
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Abstract@#Vaccination is the most effective prevenative measure against infectious diseases. As guardians of minor children, parental attitudes have a decisive influence on children s vaccination. Therefore, it is very important to understand parental attitudes and preference towards the vaccination of minor children in COVID-19 for the successful implementation of vaccination. In this study, the current situation and associated factors of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children. It was found that parental vaccine hesitation was mainly influenced by factors related to parents, children, vaccination and information process. Parents should be guided to obtain information through authoritative channels and treat vaccination correctly. At the same time, medical staff should play an important role in health education, submit correct immunisation information, reduce vaccine hesitancy, and promote herd immunity.
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Objective@#To explore the association between parents health literacy and health risk behaviors of middle school students, so as to provide theoretical basis for parental health literacy improvement and adolescent health risk behaviors prevention.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 993 middle school students and their parents in northeast Jiangxi Province by multistage stratified random sampling during Jun. to Sept. of 2020. Spearman correlation and generalized linear model were used to explore association between parents health literacy with 5 types of unhealthy behaviors.@*Results@#Generalized linear model analysis showed that after adjusting household economic status and other covariates, parents health literacy was associated with adolescent health risk behaviors, and the scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), health information literacy ( β = -0.06 , 95% CI =-0.08--0.05) were associated with substance abuse and violence among middle school students; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.04--0.01) was associated with adolescent healthy eating behavior; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.05--0.02) was associated with breakfast and exercise in middle school students; chronic disease literacy ( β =0.05, 95% CI =0.00-0.09), health information literacy ( β =-0.02, 95% CI =-0.03--0.00) was associated with screen related behavior of middle school students; scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), basic medical literacy ( β =-0.08, 95% CI =-0.13--0.04), health information literacy ( β =0.02, 95% CI =0.00-0.03) were associated with middle school students traffic safety behavior( P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#There is a certain cross sectional correlation between parents health literacy and adolescent health risk behaviors. It is necessary to clarify the direction and intensity of the correlation in the cohort study.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of sexuality education for parents of preschoolers, to provide a basis for sexuality educational programs in rural settings.@*Methods@#This community intervention trial chose four kindergartens in Jiangyang District of Luzhou City as the intervention group and other four kindergartens in Jiangyou City of Mianyang City of Sichuan Province as the control group. Sexuality education for parents was carried out in the intervention group, and the control group received routine arrangement. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2019, and the final survey was conducted in December 2019. The investigators conducted a face to face or self filled questionnaires among each parent who agreed to participate in the survey by using the self designed questionnaire "Research on Current Situation and Countermeasures of Early Childhood Sexuality Education in Rural Areas (Parent)".@*Results@#Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the basic information of parents and their children, and the situation of early childhood sexuality education between the intervention group and the control group( P > 0.05 ). After intervention, parents of the intervention group and the control group showed differences in correct rate of the knowledge regarding early childhood sexuality education (41.5%，32.1%), proportion of recognition of parental responsibility (90.7%， 81.3 %), sexuality education in the family (55.7%，45.9%), sexuality education in schools (70.2%，39.1%) and attitude behavior consistency (28.9%，16.3%) ( χ 2=4.05，8.05，4.17，42.48，9.59， P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Sexuality education towards parents is effective through improving knowledge, responsibility, the implementation of sexuality education in the family, and attitude behavior consistency among parents.
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Objective@#To understand parental feeding behavior and cognitive development among Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang, and to provide reference for anemia prevention in preschool children in this area.@*Methods@#In May 2019, a total of 1 846 Kazak preschool children were selected from the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang by stratified cluster sampling method, and parental feeding behavior and child anemia status were assessed.@*Results@#The detection rate of anemia in Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang was 49.19%, and the detection rates of mild and moderate anemia were 29.52% and 19.66%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of anemia in preschool children in terms of age, father s education, mother s education, and family per capita income ( χ 2= 162.06 , 8.17, 16.86, 11.14, P <0.05); There were statistically significant differences in the types of complementary food, nutritional anemia, breastfeeding time, and whether or not to force feeding ( χ 2=6.33, 8.91, 4.06, 21.55, P ＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that parents unclear about the type of complementary food ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.09-1.68), nutritional anemia ( OR=1.38, 95%CI =1.08-1.77), feeding time less than 24 months or unawareness ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.01-2.11) and forced feeding ( OR=1.42, 95%CI =1.13-1.78) were positively correlated with the detection rate of anemia in preschool children ( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang have severe anemia. There is a relationship between parental feeding behavior and children s anemia, which warrants further efforts to improve preschool children s anemia.
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Objective@#To explore the impact of public opinion on the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among parents of middle school students aged 12 to 17 years.@*Methods@#A total of 477 parents of middle school students were recruited online and offline. News reports and virtual online comments on the vaccination of children aged 12 to 17 were provided for them to read, after which all the parents reported their attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination for their child.@*Results@#Totally 73.55% of parents were willing to vaccinate their child. In addition, public opinion showed significant impacts on parental attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination ( F =67.89, P <0.01). After reading positive opinions (4.02±0.91), parental willingness to vaccinate was significantly higher than other comment conditions; Under the influence of negative opinions (2.56±0.88), parents willingness to child vaccination was significantly lower than other opinion groups; There was no significant difference ( P =0.77) between the neutral opinion group (3.71±0.79) and the control group (3.68±0.81).@*Conclusion@#The attitude towards child COVID-19 vaccination among parents of middle school students might be influenced by public opinions. Guidance on public opinion is key for child COVID-19 vaccination improvement.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between parental self efficacy consistency with children s social development,and to provide a reference basis for promoting children s social development.@*Methods@#During September to October of 2019, cluster sampling method were used to select 905 children and their parents from 2 kindergarten (senior , mid and junior class) and 2 primary schools (grade one to grade three) in Bengbu. Children s social development and parental self efficacy were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) and the parenting sense of competence Scale, respectively. Ordinal Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between parenting efficacy consistency with children s social development.@*Results@#Prevalence of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity attention inability，peer problems, and abnormal prosocial behtavior was 8.95%，6.30%， 18.01%, 14.03%，7.40% and 5.41%，respectively, which were negatively associated with parental self efficacy( P <0.01). Consistent parenting sense of competence, children s emotion, hyperactivity attention inability, moral behavior and prosocial behavior anomaly detection rate lowest, mother parenting self efficacy were higher than the father, children s enotion, conduct behavior, hyperactivity attention inability and prosocial behavior anomaly detection rate is highest, when the father parenting self efficacy was higher than that of mothers, Children s conduct behavior and hyperativity attention inability had the highest detection rate( Z =6.57, 7.58,7.25, 7.06, P <0.05). Children with higher maternal parenting self efficacy were more likely to develop emotional, conduct behavior, hyperactivity attention inability and prosocial behavior abnormalities, and children with higher father parenting self efficacy were more likely to develop conduct behavior and hyperactivity attention inability ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Parental self efficacy and its consistency are related to child social development.It is suggested that parents should improve the parenting efficiency and the quality of companionship, optimize the family relations, and create a harmonious atmosphere.
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Introduction@#Within the framework of health sector reform, the development of the organization, the responsibility of doctors and medical professionals, and the improvement of ethics, quality and safety of care and services are top priorities. Customer satisfaction is important for the implementation of this operation based on results and quality. The WHO Recommendation states that health professionals have a key role to play in providing information and advice to citizens and their families on how to prevent, mitigate and address air pollution, and how to inform the general public and decision-makers. ADB, the Ministry of Health, and UNICEF report that information and promotional materials on air pollution prevention are scarce and do not provide advice to clients. Therefore, it is the reason for conducting a survey to determine the level of satisfaction of clients receiving child health care.@*Materials and methods@#The survey data were collected using quantitative and qualitative research methods. In this study, totally 1160 guardians of children aged 0-5 participated from Songinokhairkhan and Bayanzurkh district and Bayankhongor aimag center. The overall satisfaction of health services is calculated using the three dimensions namely: satisfaction with health service, operation and environment of Health Organization. Satisfaction scores were assessed using an even-point scale. These are “Very Dissatisfied-1 point”, “Dissatisfied-2 point”, “Satisfied-3 point”, “Very satisfied-4 point”. The results were calculated after entering the survey data into SPSS-23, creating a database, and performing error control. Research methodology discussed at the meeting of the Academic Council of the National Center for Public Health on December 25, 2019, and the methodology was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the MOH (Stagnant №2).@*Results@#84.7 percent of the respondents were parents of children aged 0-5 years. Their average age is 34, most of them have higher education, and 43.0 percent of them have a household income of 500,000-1 million MNT. Guardians of children aged 0-5 years in Bayanzurkh District were “dissatisfied” with the Family Health Center’s dressing room, wardrobe, toilet and parking lot. Guardians of children aged 0-5 years in Songinokhairkhan district were “dissatisfied” in the parking lot and toilet of the health organization. Guardians of children aged 0-5 years in Bayankhongor aimag were satisfied with the services, operation and environment of the health organization. Studies have shown that 76.5 percent of the guardians did not receive air pollution risk training. As for difficulties in preventing air pollution, 31.4 percent of the surveyed population answered that they cannot change their living and working environment to prevent air pollution.@*Conclusion@#It shows the health care organizations need to improve the hospital environment as well as to provide training how to protect children from air pollution risk for guardians.
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Objective@#To understand current status of children s first permanent molar in Harbin, to investigate parental awareness regarding children s first permanent molar as well as Pit and Fissure sealant, and to provide new ideas for caries prevention in the first permanent molar and Pit and Fissure sealant.@*Methods@#In October 2019, 11 540 children in the region were examined and their parents were given questionnaires.@*Results@#The prevalence of dental caries was 37.72%. The DMFT was 1.11, the germination rate was 86.98%, and Pit and Fissure sealants rate was 36.93%. About 16.8% of the parents were aware of the eruption time of first permanent molar, and 35.33% didn t know first permanent molar, 19.39% of the parents had a clear understanding of Pit and Fissure sealants time and 32.77% of the parents were not aware of Pit and Fissure sealants. The prevalence of caries was higher in children (35.55%, 32.77%) whose parents did not know the first permanent molar and the pit and fissure sealants.High income level, high education level and urban parents had a higher degree of knowledge about fossa closure( χ 2=98.35, 192.16, 172.31, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Prevalence of dental caries is higher in children in Harbin, and the awareness of Pit and Fissure sealants is lower in parents. Relevant organizations should strengthen the publicity and education of oral health knowledge for parents.
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Objective@#To investigate knowledge, attitude and purchase behavior for snack nutrition among parents of school aged children in Shenzhen, so as to provide support and scientific basis for developing targeted intervention program for child healthy dietary behavior.@*Methods@#Through cluster random sampling method, a total of 4 517 parents of students graded in 2 from 116 primary schools in Shenzhen were invited to participate into a self administered questionnaire survey.@*Results@#Parental cognition towards snack nutrition varied substantially. The majority of parents were worried about the health and safety issues of snack and were aware of the risk of eating disorder of consistent snakc consumption in children. Only 21.18% of parents reported frequent snack purchasing behaviors. Children s snacks, mainly included milk, dairy products, vegetable, fruit, bread and cake, are mostly purchased by parents, and the snack choices were related to nutrition, hygiene and taste. In addition, most parents paid attention to the production date whereas less than one third of them read the nutrition facts labels. Parents with different knowledge level towards snack nutrition differed in eating attitude and behavior.@*Conclusion@#Parents should be further educated about nutrition and food safety knowledge to improve nutritional literacy, as well as attitude towards healthy diet and snack purchasing ehavior to better guide their children to develop good eating habits.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the satisfaction of parents with students eye health services after one year implementation of the "Three-year Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Minhang District (2019-2021)", and to provide a reference for optimizing intervention measures.@*Methods@#A total of 20 176 parents were selected with multi-stage sampling method for the satisfaction evaluate.@*Results@#Health services in appointed medical institutions(6 849, 84.65%), providing feedback on the vision screening(16 915, 83.84%) and procedures in appointed medical institutions(6 704, 82.91%) were the top three terms for parents satisfaction with children and adolescents eye health services, respectively. While the eye behavior and eye environment intervention(8 467, 42.01%), parents informing(7 850, 38.91%) and regular follow-up management(7 222, 33.67%) were the top three that were suggested to improvement. Comparative analysis showed that the school period and the history of previous diagnosis of eye diseases had an impact on the satisfaction of children and adolescents eye health services and the demand for improvement significantly (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#After one year of intervention, parents are generally satisfied with the eye health services for students. At the same time, students with different characteristics parents focused on difference needs for health services. It urges more refined and personalized eye health services should be provided.